[Biosynthesis of poppy isoquinoline alkaloids in nature and in vitro culture. 1. Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.)].

The analysis of literature data on production of isoquinoline alkaloids by Papaver somniferum L. plants and cell cultures has been made. The relationship of morphinane alkaloids biosynthesis with the processes of tissue and cell differentiation are discussed. The information on enzymes and pathways of regulation of morphine and sanguinarine biosynthesis are presented. The data on sanguinarine and morphine physiological role are analyzed.