Dual infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in HIV-seropositive patients with community acquired pneumonia.

Pulmonary infections with more than one organism are common in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive patients. We describe nine cases of dual infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in HIV-seropositive patients presenting with community acquired pneumonia (CAP). It is important to exclude pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-seropositive patients with CAP who fail to respond appropriately to initial antibiotic therapy, even if another etiological pathogen has been found.