Potent induction of apoptosis by germacranolide sesquiterpene lactones on human myeloid leukemia cells.

This paper studies the cytotoxic effect induced by four known natural sesquiterpene lactones (tatridin A, tamirin, reynosin, ineupatorolide A) and one synthetic derivative (tatridin A diacetate) on the myeloid leukemia cell lines HL-60 and U937. Tatridin A diacetate and ineupatorolide A were found to be the most cytotoxic compounds with growth inhibition caused by induction of apoptosis as determined by flow cytometry and microscopy of nuclear changes. The results reported here support the conclusion that apoptosis was accompanied by both the activation of caspase-3 and the fragmentation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 and was also associated with an early release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria.