Friends as reporters of children's and adolescents' depressive symptoms.

Obtaining information from multiple informants is important when assessing youth depression. Past studies have utilized adults' reports of youths' emotional functioning and aggregate reports from classmates but have not considered close friends as reporters of depressive symptoms. This is surprising given the important roles of friends as companions and confidants. This study investigated relations between friend-reported depressive symptoms and youths' self-reports. From a larger sample of fifth-, seventh-, and ninth-grade participants, self-reports and friend reports of depressive symptoms and friend reports of friendship quality were available for a subset of 367 participants. Significant positive relations emerged between friend reports and self-reports of affective depressive symptoms for girls and youth in high-quality friendships. Relations between friend reports and self-reports were stronger for conduct-related than affective depressive symptoms and reached significance for boys as well as for girls and for youth in low-quality friendships as well as for youth in high-quality friendships. Implications for identifying at-risk youth are discussed.