Keith F Widaman1, Colleen Azen. 1. Department of Psychology, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616-8686, USA. kfwidaman@ucdavis.edu
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The primary aims of this study were to model the form of the relation between prenatal exposure to phenylalanine (Phe) and measures of offspring intellectual development and to estimate the developmental relations of maternal demographic, pregnancy-related, and perinatal variables on offspring intelligence during infancy and childhood. METHODS: The participants were the 413 children and their mothers from the International Maternal PKU Collaborative Study. RESULTS: Results supported a nonlinear relation between prenatal Phe exposure and offspring cognitive outcomes, with damage to the developing fetus if average Phe levels are above approximately 360 micromol/L. Moreover, prenatal Phe exposure had a strong effect on offspring outcomes at 1 year of age and was the only one of the background, pregnancy-related, or perinatal variables to influence directly offspring outcomes at 2, 4, and 7 years of age. CONCLUSION: The present study was able to document the importance of prenatal exposure to Phe for predicting offspring cognitive outcomes in the presence of other predictors of these outcomes.
OBJECTIVE: The primary aims of this study were to model the form of the relation between prenatal exposure to phenylalanine (Phe) and measures of offspring intellectual development and to estimate the developmental relations of maternal demographic, pregnancy-related, and perinatal variables on offspring intelligence during infancy and childhood. METHODS: The participants were the 413 children and their mothers from the International Maternal PKU Collaborative Study. RESULTS: Results supported a nonlinear relation between prenatal Phe exposure and offspring cognitive outcomes, with damage to the developing fetus if average Phe levels are above approximately 360 micromol/L. Moreover, prenatal Phe exposure had a strong effect on offspring outcomes at 1 year of age and was the only one of the background, pregnancy-related, or perinatal variables to influence directly offspring outcomes at 2, 4, and 7 years of age. CONCLUSION: The present study was able to document the importance of prenatal exposure to Phe for predicting offspring cognitive outcomes in the presence of other predictors of these outcomes.
Authors: François Feillet; Ania C Muntau; François-Guillaume Debray; Amelie S Lotz-Havla; Alexandra Puchwein-Schwepcke; Ma'atem Béatrice Fofou-Caillierez; Francjan van Spronsen; Fritz Friedrich Trefz Journal: J Inherit Metab Dis Date: 2014-05-01 Impact factor: 4.982
Authors: W B Hanley; C Azen; R Koch; K Michals-Matalon; R Matalon; B Rouse; F Trefz; S Waisbren; F de la Cruz Journal: J Inherit Metab Dis Date: 2004 Impact factor: 4.982
Authors: Vikram K Raghu; Steven F Dobrowolski; Rakesh Sindhi; Kevin A Strauss; George V Mazariegos; Jerry Vockley; Kyle Soltys Journal: Mol Genet Metab Rep Date: 2022-04-21
Authors: Courtney M Jackson; Shibabrata Mukherjee; Adrienne N Wilburn; Chris Cates; Ian P Lewkowich; Hitesh Deshmukh; William J Zacharias; Claire A Chougnet Journal: Front Immunol Date: 2020-06-19 Impact factor: 7.561
Authors: William L Zeile; Helen C McCune; Donald G Musson; Brian O'Donnell; Charles A O'Neill; Laurie S Tsuruda; Roberto T Zori; Philip J Laipis Journal: Pediatr Res Date: 2018-01-31 Impact factor: 3.756