OBJECTIVE: To establish the prevalence of injecting practices that carry a risk of HIV infection among injection drug users (IDUs) in Indonesia and to examine the risk of sexual transmission of HIV from IDUs to noninjecting populations. DESIGN: A first round of behavioral surveillance among community-recruited male IDUs in 3 cities. METHODS: In late 2002, IDU gathering places were mapped in 3 cities, and 650 IDUs were recruited using multiple wave sampling originating from sites systematically selected for diversity. Trained interviewers, mostly former IDUs, administered a questionnaire focusing on injecting practices, sexual behavior, and HIV-related knowledge. RESULTS: Almost all IDUs knew that HIV is transmissible through shared needles, but 85% of injectors reported using a syringe previously used by another IDU in the previous week. Over two thirds of IDUs were sexually active, 48% reported multiple partners, and 40% had bought sex from a female sex worker in the preceding 12 months. Consistent condom use was reported by 10%. CONCLUSIONS: The potential for the sexual spread of HIV from IDUs to noninjectors is extremely high in Indonesia. Interventions are urgently needed to reduce high levels of needle sharing, but a focus on needle cleaning and increasing condom use among IDUs is also essential.
OBJECTIVE: To establish the prevalence of injecting practices that carry a risk of HIV infection among injection drug users (IDUs) in Indonesia and to examine the risk of sexual transmission of HIV from IDUs to noninjecting populations. DESIGN: A first round of behavioral surveillance among community-recruited male IDUs in 3 cities. METHODS: In late 2002, IDU gathering places were mapped in 3 cities, and 650 IDUs were recruited using multiple wave sampling originating from sites systematically selected for diversity. Trained interviewers, mostly former IDUs, administered a questionnaire focusing on injecting practices, sexual behavior, and HIV-related knowledge. RESULTS: Almost all IDUs knew that HIV is transmissible through shared needles, but 85% of injectors reported using a syringe previously used by another IDU in the previous week. Over two thirds of IDUs were sexually active, 48% reported multiple partners, and 40% had bought sex from a female sex worker in the preceding 12 months. Consistent condom use was reported by 10%. CONCLUSIONS: The potential for the sexual spread of HIV from IDUs to noninjectors is extremely high in Indonesia. Interventions are urgently needed to reduce high levels of needle sharing, but a focus on needle cleaning and increasing condom use among IDUs is also essential.
Authors: Art F Y Poon; Kimberly C Brouwer; Steffanie A Strathdee; Michelle Firestone-Cruz; Remedios M Lozada; Sergei L Kosakovsky Pond; Douglas D Heckathorn; Simon D W Frost Journal: PLoS One Date: 2009-09-07 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Shelly Iskandar; Diba Basar; Teddy Hidayat; Ike M P Siregar; Lucas Pinxten; Reinout van Crevel; Andre J A M Van der Ven; Cor A J De Jong Journal: BMC Public Health Date: 2010-08-10 Impact factor: 3.295
Authors: Shelly Iskandar; Cor Aj de Jong; Teddy Hidayat; Ike Mp Siregar; Tri H Achmad; Reinout van Crevel; Andre van der Ven Journal: J Multidiscip Healthc Date: 2012-12-14
Authors: Don C Des Jarlais; Jonathan P Feelemyer; Shilpa N Modi; Kamyar Arasteh; Bradley M Mathers; Louisa Degenhardt; Holly Hagan Journal: PLoS One Date: 2012-03-01 Impact factor: 3.240