OBJECTIVE: Calcium entry via the L-type Ca(2+) channel (LTCC) is crucial for excitation-contraction (EC) coupling and activation of Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction pathways in cardiac myocytes. Both nitric oxide (NO), signaling via cGMP, and acetylcholine, signaling via the muscarinic receptor, have been identified as negative regulators of beta-adrenoreceptor-stimulated LTCC activity in cardiac myocytes. METHODS: To examine the potential role of cGMP-dependent protein kinase type I (PKG I) in the inhibitory effects of NO/cGMP and the muscarinic receptor on LTCC activity, we generated transgenic (TG) mice overexpressing PKG I selectively in cardiac myocytes under the control of the alpha-myocin heavy chain promoter. Single LTCC-gating properties were assessed in isolated ventricular myocytes from adult wild-type (WT) and PKG I transgenic (TG) mice. RESULTS: Basal LTCC activity (peak average current, mean open probability, mean availability) was significantly decreased by the nitric oxide donor DEA-NO (0.1 micromol/l) and the cGMP-analog 8-Br-cGMP (1 mmol/l) in TG but not in WT cardiac myocytes. Conversely, muscarinic (carbachol, 1 micromol/l) stimulation had no significant effect on basal LTCC activity in either WT or TG cardiac myocytes. beta-Adrenergic stimulation with isoproterenol (1 micromol/l) increases single LTCC activity in WT and TG cardiac myocytes to the same extent. The inhibitory effects of DEA-NO and 8-Br-cGMP on isoproterenol activation of the LTCC current were significantly enhanced in TG as compared to WT cardiac myocytes. By contrast, carbachol inhibition of isoproterenol-stimulated single LTCC activity was not enhanced in TG cardiac myocytes. CONCLUSION: Transgenic overexpression of PKG I augments NO/cGMP inhibition but not muscarinic inhibition of single LTCC activity, indicating that PKG I is a downstream target for NO/cGMP, but not the muscarinic receptor in adult cardiac myocytes.
OBJECTIVE:Calcium entry via the L-type Ca(2+) channel (LTCC) is crucial for excitation-contraction (EC) coupling and activation of Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction pathways in cardiac myocytes. Both nitric oxide (NO), signaling via cGMP, and acetylcholine, signaling via the muscarinic receptor, have been identified as negative regulators of beta-adrenoreceptor-stimulated LTCC activity in cardiac myocytes. METHODS: To examine the potential role of cGMP-dependent protein kinase type I (PKG I) in the inhibitory effects of NO/cGMP and the muscarinic receptor on LTCC activity, we generated transgenic (TG) mice overexpressing PKG I selectively in cardiac myocytes under the control of the alpha-myocin heavy chain promoter. Single LTCC-gating properties were assessed in isolated ventricular myocytes from adult wild-type (WT) and PKG I transgenic (TG) mice. RESULTS: Basal LTCC activity (peak average current, mean open probability, mean availability) was significantly decreased by the nitric oxidedonorDEA-NO (0.1 micromol/l) and the cGMP-analog 8-Br-cGMP (1 mmol/l) in TG but not in WT cardiac myocytes. Conversely, muscarinic (carbachol, 1 micromol/l) stimulation had no significant effect on basal LTCC activity in either WT or TG cardiac myocytes. beta-Adrenergic stimulation with isoproterenol (1 micromol/l) increases single LTCC activity in WT and TG cardiac myocytes to the same extent. The inhibitory effects of DEA-NO and 8-Br-cGMP on isoproterenol activation of the LTCC current were significantly enhanced in TG as compared to WT cardiac myocytes. By contrast, carbachol inhibition of isoproterenol-stimulated single LTCC activity was not enhanced in TG cardiac myocytes. CONCLUSION:Transgenic overexpression of PKG I augments NO/cGMP inhibition but not muscarinic inhibition of single LTCC activity, indicating that PKG I is a downstream target for NO/cGMP, but not the muscarinic receptor in adult cardiac myocytes.
Authors: Robert Lukowski; Sergei D Rybalkin; Florian Loga; Veronika Leiss; Joseph A Beavo; Franz Hofmann Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2010-03-08 Impact factor: 11.205