Induction of CD8 T-cell-Ifn-gamma response and positive clinical outcome after immunization with gene-modified allogeneic tumor cells in advanced non-small-cell lung carcinoma.

Large tumor burdens in advanced non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) are thought to be immunosuppressive. To determine whether CD8-mediated immune responses could be elicited in stage IIIB/IV NSCLC patients, 14 subjects were immunized several times with allogeneic NSCLC cells transfected with CD80 (B7.1) and HLA-A1 or A2. Patients enrolled were matched or unmatched at the HLA A1 or A2 locus and their immune response compared. Immunization significantly increased the frequencies of interferon-gamma secreting CD8 T cells in all but one patient in response to ex vivo challenge with NSCLC cells. The CD8 response of matched and unmatched patients was not statistically different. NSCLC reactive CD8 cells did not react to K562. Clinically, five of 14 patients responded to immunization with stable disease or partial tumor regression. The study demonstrates that CD8 Ifn-gamma responses against nonimmunogenic or immunosuppressive tumors can be evoked by cellular vaccines even at advanced stages of disease. The positive clinical outcome suggests that nonimmunogenic tumors may be highly susceptible to immune effector cells generated by immunization.