Characterization of HIV type 1 clades in the Caribbean using pol gene sequences.

To date, 11 HIV-1 M group clades, A to K, have been characterized, displaying different distributions, prevalences, and biological properties. Approximately 90% of new HIV-1 infections occur in developing countries, including the Caribbean. However, information on HIV-1 subtypes from this region is limited. We report subtype characterization of viruses from 71 individuals, obtained during the period 2000-2002. RNA from the pol region was sequenced, generating data on subtype and drug resistance associated mutations for 71 specimens from 9 countries. Sixty-seven (94.4%) sequences were classified as clade B, three (4.2%) as D/B, and one (1.4%) as clade C. Numerous polymorphisms were observed, including some associated with drug resistance, but not signifying exposure to chemotherapy. This study adds to our knowledge of HIV-1 clades in the Caribbean, and indicates possibilities for monitoring HIV-1 chemotherapy.