The role of the matrix metalloproteinases in human endometrial and ovarian cycles.

The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are part of an expanded family of proteins called the astacin family of zinc metalloproteinases. The MMPs, probably balanced by their tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), are essential effectors of developmental processes participating in cell migration, cell proliferation, apoptosis and tissue morphogenesis. The MMPs regulate the function of biologically active molecules as well as fulfilling an important role in endothelial cell invasion, angiogenesis and in tumor progression. The dynamic normal physiology of the human reproductive system involves almost all of the above-mentioned aspects of MMPs activity. This review presents and discusses new insights into the role of MMPs, and their TIMPs, in human endometrial cycle and ovarian function.