Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2)-prostanoid pathway and liver diseases.

Cycloocygenases 2 (COX2)-prostanoid pathway plays important and complex roles in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases. Most studies indicated that COX2-prostanoid pathway might suppress hepatic fibrogenesis by decreasing proliferation, migration, and contractility of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). In animal model, COX2-prostanoid pathway increases portal hypertension, which can be reduced by treatment with COX2 inhibitor. In cirrhosis, COX2-prostanoid pathway may reduce formation of ascites by enhancing free water excretion, and protect gastric mucosa from ulcerative insults. Aberrant expression of COX2 has been well associated with hepatocarcinogenesis. COX2 inhibitors can effectively suppress proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. This provided rationale for further testing COX2 inhibitors as clinical agents for HCC chemoprovention. Further studies will be needed to examine how COX2 inhibitors affect pathogenesis of various liver diseases.