Trends and shifting ecologies: Part II.

Community-based systems of care offer some promising ecologically based approaches to child psychiatric emergencies. More community-based effectiveness research is needed on child and adolescent mental health crisis services. To meet the needs of real-world children with serious emotional disorders and their families, however, research should include integration of multiple evidence-based modalities (such as psychopharmacology, behavioral, and cognitive approaches) and the effectiveness of single modalities. Funding priorities in mental health systems also should shift significantly to support community-based crisis services over more restrictive approaches that have a less solid evidence base.