[Attachment points of the posterior longitudinal ligament and their importance for thoracic and lumbar spine fractures].

Spine fractures with damage of the posterior wall of the vertebra often can be anatomically reconstructed by indirect reduction. Whether the posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) is responsible for the reduction is still subject to debate. The aim of our investigation was to ascertain the role of the PLL in closed reduction of spine fractures by identifying the bony attachment points of this ligament. We performed a gross anatomical dissection, a light- and polarized microscopic investigation on 22 human cadaverous thoracic and lumbar spines to determine the points of attachment of the PLL. We found two layers of the PLL. The superficial layer runs from the first thoracic down to the third lumbar vertebra with a width of 0.4-1.0 cm and from there descends as a thin rudiment to the sacrum. The deep layer shows a segmental rhomboid structure. Lateral fibers are attached to the annulus fibrosus and at the rim of the adjacent vertebrae. Medial fibers are attached additionally to the posterior wall of the vertebral bodies by bridging the foramina basivertebralia. Since these foramina become enlarged in the caudal parts of the vertebral column, the number of attachment points at the posterior wall of the vertebral bodies decreases caudally. Good results for reconstruction of the posterior wall in vertebral fractures of the thoracic and upper lumbar spine can be explained by the anatomical situation of the PLL and stress the important role of the PLL in indirect reduction of spine fractures.