Gene expression of cardiac mast cell chymase and tryptase in a murine model of heart failure caused by viral myocarditis.

This study examined the gene expression of mouse mast cell proteases to clarify their role in the pathophysiology of viral myocarditis. Male DBA/2 mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with the encephalomyocarditis virus and the gene expression of mast cell chymase, mouse mast cell protease (mMCP)-4 and -5, and tryptase, mMCP-6, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and type-I procollagen was measured by real-time quantitative RT-PCR analysis. The gene expression of mMCP-4, -5 and -6 mRNA was increased at 5 days, and continued to increase to day 14, coinciding with a prominent inflammatory reaction and extensive myocardial necrosis and fibrosis. The gene expression of MMP-9 was also increased, and there was a significant correlation between upregulation of mast cell proteases and MMP-9. The gene expression of type-I procollagen was increased at 5 days and continued to increase to day 14, suggesting that a fibrotic process had already begun during the acute stage of viral myocarditis. These findings suggest that mast cell chymase and tryptase participate in the acute inflammation and remodeling process of viral myocarditis.