Optimal treatment of vascular birthmarks.

Optimal functional and cosmetic outcomes for vascular lesions require a thorough preoperative diagnosis of vascular anomalies, since correct classification of each vascular lesion has a direct influence on the treatment of choice. Many different classification systems have been discussed controversially. Based on clinical practicality and significant accuracy of forecast with regard to the clinical course of a lesion, Mulliken and Glowacki's biologic classification gained most clinical relevance and has become accepted as the official classification scheme by the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA). Based on comprehensive description of relevant literature results, the current communication shall give an overview of differing, internationally accepted treatments. Although conservative management can be proposed for uncomplicated hemangiomas occurring in infancy, the proliferative progression of these lesions provides an adequate indication for treatment, while vascular malformations, which usually persist throughout life, always require therapeutic intervention if they start to cause clinical symptoms. Based on individual parameters (such as diameter, location and growth dynamics), different treatments, including cryotherapy, corticosteroids, laser therapy, sclerotherapy, surgery, and/or embolization, can be performed successfully. Currently, however, none of these treatments represents the solitary treatment of choice.