Immunization of patients with bleeding disorders.

The immunization of patients with bleeding disorders differs from that of the normal population with respect to the risk of haematoma formation at the vaccination site and the unusual infective risks associated with the potential, and past, exposure to blood products. Most vaccinations can be given subcutaneously and this should be the preferred route. All routine childhood vaccinations should be given at the appropriate time. All patients with bleeding disorders should be vaccinated against hepatitis A and B. HIV positive patients should receive annual influenza vaccinations and should avoid the oral polio, oral typhoid, BCG and yellow fever vaccines.