Radiologic diagnosis and management of complications related to central venous access.

Central venous access is an important aspect of medical treatment. There are different designs of access devices for different purposes. In essence, they can be classified as short- and long-term devices. Insertion procedures vary for different devices. There is a risk for both acute and delayed complications. Radiology plays a central role both in placement and in device management. Image-guided insertion increases technical success and reduces the rate of acute complications. The diagnostic approach to long-term complications includes radiography, fluoroscopy, CT, and ultrasound. Treatment by interventional procedures is possible for a number of these conditions. These interventions increase device lifespan and reduce the number of necessary reinsertions.