Factors associated with probation officers' use of criminal justice coercion to mandate alcohol treatment.

Alcohol problems are widespread among individuals in county criminal justice probation systems. However, it is unclear why only a small fraction of these problem drinkers receive treatment. In this study, self-administered questionnaires were mailed to 145 probation officers in nine California counties to identify factors that predicted probation officers' use of coercion to mandate alcohol treatment. The questionnaire measured characteristics of probation officers, characteristics of their caseloads, and perceptions about their departments. Principle components analysis combined some of the items into six factor-based scales. Multiple regression analyses identified two significant predictors of use of coercion into treatment: a belief that treatment was effective and a belief that one's peers in the department were using coercion frequently. Implications for increasing treatment entry of probationers with drinking problems include educating probation officers about the effectiveness of substance abuse treatment in general and about coerced treatment in particular. Probation departments are encouraged to develop management styles that facilitate shared normative beliefs about assessing and managing alcohol problems among probationers.