Unintended consequences of using an oral HIV test on HIV knowledge.

This study assessed the effects of oral HIV testing on the belief that HIV can be transmitted in saliva and on overall AIDS knowledge. A sample of current or former street drug users (N = 155) was recruited to complete a survey of HIV risk behaviour at two points in time. The survey included three items that assessed beliefs in the possible transmission of HIV through saliva. Among the 80 participants who received oral HIV testing at baseline, accuracy on the three saliva items decreased at follow-up and, among the 75 participants who did not receive oral HIV testing, accuracy on these items increased at follow-up. This pattern of change was statistically significant. Oral HIV testing has been a significant advance. However, unintended effects may include increased belief in the transmission of HIV through saliva. This problematic outcome suggests the importance of enhanced HIV counselling among participants in oral HIV testing.