Airway inflammation and basement membrane tenascin in newly diagnosed atopic and nonatopic asthma.

Previous studies have shown both similar and distinct inflammatory changes in atopic and nonatopic asthma. This study was set to investigate the bronchial inflammatory cell infiltrate and subepithelial basement membrane (BM) tenascin deposition in subjects with newly diagnosed asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR). Seventy-nine asthmatic subjects (age 18-60 years) were recruited and 58 were atopic according to skin prick testing. The patients recorded asthma symptoms and peak flow measurements for 14 days. Lung function and BHR were measured by spirometry and histamine challenge. Serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and blood eosinophils were assessed. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed to obtain bronchial biopsies. Serum ECP was higher in the atopic group but eosinophil counts did not differ. There were no differences in inflammatory cells studied (activated eosinophils, T-lymphocytes, mast cells or macrophages) between nonatopic and atopic subjects. BM tenascin layer was significantly thicker in atopic compared with nonatopic subjects (7.6 vs 6.3 microm, P = 0.007). The thickness of tenascin correlated with eosinophil, T-lymphocyte, and macrophage counts, as well as with IL-4-positive cell counts and the correlation was seen only in atopic asthmatics. These findings suggest that inflammatory cells may have a regulatory role in tenascin expression in atopic asthma.