Developmental verbal dyspraxia. I: A review and critique.

Developmental verbal dyspraxia is examined from four perspectives: clinical, phonetic, linguistic and cognitive. The paper critically discusses the problems encountered when criteria for identifying acquired speech disorders in the adult population are applied to children's speech difficulties without modifications. It is argued that studies of verbal dyspraxia in children have ignored the unfolding nature of this condition and that a developmental perspective has been lacking in the literature. A need for the inclusion of appropriate control groups and longitudinal case studies is identified. The issue and process of differential diagnosis are addressed and a checklist of criteria for identifying developmental verbal dyspraxia is included. It is noted that this process will inevitably be lengthy with data needed from different aspects of a child's development. Phonetic characteristics alone may not be sufficient to recognise this medical condition with its complex psycholinguistic and educational consequences.