OBJECTIVE: To determine causes of death, estrogen toxicity, and hyperprolactinemia in a murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS: Female New Zealand Black x New Zealand White (NZB x NZW) mice were implanted with ethinyl estradiol, 17 beta-estradiol, or empty capsules (controls). RESULTS: Estrogen-treated mice developed striking hyperprolactinemia and died prematurely with genitourinary complications. CONCLUSION: Implanted estrogens, including 17 beta-estradiol in a dose reported previously to stimulate SLE, contribute to premature death in NZB x NZW mice, through toxic effects. Estrogen therapy increases the level of prolactin, an immunostimulatory hormone.
OBJECTIVE: To determine causes of death, estrogen toxicity, and hyperprolactinemia in a murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS: Female New Zealand Black x New Zealand White (NZB x NZW) mice were implanted with ethinyl estradiol, 17 beta-estradiol, or empty capsules (controls). RESULTS: Estrogen-treated mice developed striking hyperprolactinemia and died prematurely with genitourinary complications. CONCLUSION: Implanted estrogens, including 17 beta-estradiol in a dose reported previously to stimulate SLE, contribute to premature death in NZB x NZW mice, through toxic effects. Estrogen therapy increases the level of prolactin, an immunostimulatory hormone.
Authors: Faith M Strickland; Anura Hewagama; Qianjian Lu; Ailing Wu; Robert Hinderer; Ryan Webb; Kent Johnson; Amr H Sawalha; Colin Delaney; Raymond Yung; Bruce C Richardson Journal: J Autoimmun Date: 2011-12-03 Impact factor: 7.094
Authors: Dalis E Collins; Kathleen R Mulka; Mark J Hoenerhoff; Russell S Taichman; Jason S Villano Journal: Comp Med Date: 2017-02-01 Impact factor: 0.982
Authors: Kenneth J Salleng; Carissa P Jones; Kelli L Boyd; Donna J Hicks; Michelle M Williams; Rebecca S Cook Journal: Comp Med Date: 2018-07-17 Impact factor: 0.982