Expression of transfected stathmin cDNA reveals novel phosphorylated forms associated with developmental and functional cell regulation.

Stathmin is a ubiquitous, highly conserved phosphoprotein, which most likely acts as an intracellular relay integrating various transduction pathways triggered by extracellular signals. Two post-translational isoforms (alpha and beta) have been previously identified whose increasingly phosphorylated forms migrate as a set of isoelectric variant spots (molecular mass 19 kDa; pI 6.2-5.6) on two-dimensional electrophoretic gels. In parallel with the phosphorylation of these forms of stathmin, two sets of three proteins migrating with slightly higher apparent molecular masses (21 and 23 kDa respectively) also incorporated radioactive phosphate in response to cell regulation through various transduction pathways. These phosphoproteins, previously referred to as proteins '16' and '17', share several biochemical properties with stathmin and are recognized by antibodies directed to stathmin or to stathmin peptides. Furthermore, when rat stathmin cDNA was transfected into mouse myogenic C2 cells, it directed the expression of protein sets 16 and 17 together with the 19 kDa forms of stathmin, as detected with a species-specific anti-stathmin antiserum. Proteins 16 and 17 are thus novel phosphorylated derivatives of stathmin, encoded by the same cDNA as its previously identified 19 kDa forms. These results increase the known complexity and diversity of stathmin patterns, which may yield the molecular support for its proposed role as a relay integrating various signals which regulate the proliferation, differentiation and functions of cells during development and adult life.