Fasting and postmeal phenylalanine metabolism in mild type 2 diabetes.

We have investigated postabsorptive and postprandial phenylalanine kinetics in non-obese type 2 diabetic patients [non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)], using a double-isotope technique and the constant oral administration of a synthetic mixed meal. Fasting and postmeal glucose levels were increased (P < 0.01) in NIDDM (165 +/- 16 to 226 +/- 24 mg/dl), with respect to normal controls (85 +/- 3 to 102 +/- 6 mg/dl). Fasting insulin concentrations were comparable in NIDDM (13 +/- 2 microU/ml) and in normals (12 +/- 2 microU/ml), but after the meal it increased less (P < 0.07) in NIDDM vs. normals (to 36 +/- 5 vs. 56 +/- 12 microU/ml, respectively; P < 0.01 vs. basal for both). Postabsorptive phenylalanine rate of appearance (R(a)) in NIDDM (0.63 +/- 0.08 mumol.kg-1 x min-1) was comparable to that of controls (0.73 +/- 0.05 mumol.kg-1 x min-1, not significant). During the meal, total and endogenous phenylalanine R(a), splanchnic uptake, oxidation, and nonoxidative disposal of the ingested phenylalanine were also comparable in the two groups. These data indicate that fasting and postprandial kinetics of the essential amino acid phenylalanine are normal in NIDDM.