Catecholamines in critical care. The commonly used catecholamines: receptor and clinical profile, indications and dosages.

The pharmacology, pattern of receptor activation and resulting clinical impact of the currently most widely used intravenous catecholamines are reviewed. A brief physiological description of the alpha, beta and dopaminergic receptors is used in order to explain the clinical effects of norepinephrine, epinephrine, isoproterenol, dopamine, dobutamine and dopexamine. Each drug is discussed separately according to receptor profile, indications, dosages and current application in critical care. Tables are provided for comparison of relative strengths of these drugs regarding receptor activation, haemodynamic effects, organ perfusion and recommended dosages. The use of combinations of catecholamines to meet a variety of circulatory demands is commented upon.