Comparison of technetium-99m-glucarate and thallium-201 for the identification of acute myocardial infarction in rats.

The scintigraphic identification of acute severe ischemic myocardial injury requires a marker that localizes rapidly and specifically in zones of damaged myocardium. Technetium-99m-glucarate, a six-carbon dicarboxylic acid, which behaves in vivo somewhat like fructose, was recently described as a marker of severe acute ischemic injury with necrosis. This study was performed to determine the interval between the onset of myocardial ischemia and initial uptake and the duration of a positive scan in experimental animals. Serial injections and images were recorded over 10 days following ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery of the rat. The distribution of 99mTc-glucarate was compared to that of regional myocardial perfusion monitored with 201TI. The findings on radionuclide imaging were compared to histologic changes in the myocardium. Sequential pinhole images of both radionuclides were collected at 3 hr, 24 hr, 72 hr and 7-10 days following ligation. Ten rats had normal 201TI distributions, no uptake of glucarate and no evidence of infarction by TTC staining at autopsy. Twenty-one rats had either 201TI lesions or evidence of infarction at autopsy. In 17 of these rats, significant acute 99mTc-glucarate uptake was noted, decreasing at 24 hr, and was not seen at 72 hr or 7-10 days. The extent of perfusion abnormality was greatest at 3 hr in most animals; the lesion decreased in four (33%), increased in one (8%) and remained stable in the remainder. These data suggest that 99mTc-glucarate may be a useful marker of acute myocardial injury.