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Literature DB >> 14271317

BRAIN STIMULATION AS A REINFORCER: INTERMITTENT SCHEDULES.

Abstract

Rats with chronically implanted, bipolar electrodes in the septal and medial forebrain bundle areas, in addition to the region of the mammillary bodies of the posterior hypothalamus, were trained to press a permanently mounted lever in order to produce a second, retractable lever. Rewarding brain stimulation was programmed on the retractable lever; following completion of the programmed number of CRF response-stimulations, that lever was retracted from the box. Responding on the permanent lever could reintroduce the retractable lever. Fixed interval, fixed ratio, DRL, and variable interval schedules were programmed on the permanent lever in the range of schedule parameters often used with conventional reinforcers. Typical effects are described, and it is concluded that there are no striking differences between brain-stimulation reinforcement and the conventional reinforcers.

Entities: Disease Species

Keywords: BRAIN ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; CEREBRAL VENTRICLES; EXPERIMENTAL LAB STUDY; EXTINCTION (PSYCHOLOGY); HYPOTHALAMUS; RATS; REINFORCEMENT (PSYCHOLOGY); SELF STIMULATION

Mesh：

Year: 1965 PMID： 14271317 PMCID： PMC1338368 DOI： 10.1901/jeab.1965.8-75

Source DB: PubMed Journal: J Exp Anal Behav ISSN： 0022-5002 Impact factor: 2.468

18 in total

BRAIN STIMULATION AS A REINFORCER: INTERMITTENT SCHEDULES.

1. Hypothalamic substrates of reward.

2. An experimental outline for building and exploring multi-operant behavior repertoires.

3. An evaluation of response rate as a measure of rewarding intracranial stimulation.

4. Rewarding and punishing effects from stimulating the same place in the rat's brain.

5. A simplified electrode-assembly for implanting chronic electrodes in the brains of small animals.

6. The relationship between stimulation voltage and rate of hypothalamic self-stimulation in the rat.

7. Drive reduction versus consummatory behavior as determinants of reinforcement.

8. Reward value of a non-nutritive sweet-taste.

9. Learning and electrical self-stimulation of the brain.

10. Self-regulation of brain-stimulating current intensity in the rat.

1. Sign-tracking (autoshaping) in rats: a comparison of cocaine and food as unconditioned stimuli.

2. Spaced food but not electrical brain stimulation induces polydipsia and air licking.

3. A method for increasing the reinforcement magnitude of intracranial stimulation.

4. A simple technique for delivering liquids directly to the mouth of an unrestrained rat.

5. Use of progressive fixed-ratio procedures in the assessment of intracranial reinforcement.

6. Stimulation of the nucleus accumbens as behavioral reward in awake behaving monkeys.

7. Conditioning of the aggressive behavior of pigeons by a fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement.

8. Changeover delay and concurrent schedules: some effects on relative performance measures.

9. Techniques for establishing schedules with wheel running as reinforcement in rats.

Review 10. The dark side of emotion: the addiction perspective.