Distal realignment of the patellofemoral joint. Indications, effects, results, and recommendations.

Effective treatment of patellofemoral malalignment is possible with precise diagnosis. This precision must begin with a thorough history and physical examination. Both nonoperative and operative treatment are guided by the specific patterns identified. Distal realignment procedures including anteromedial tibial tubercle transfer necessitate meticulous surgical technique to achieve maximal benefit with a low rate of complications.