NEONATAL RESPIRATORY DISTRESS: EXPERIENCE AT THE HOSPITAL FOR SICK CHILDREN, TORONTO, L960-1961.

Four hundred and thirty infants selectively referred to the Newborn Unit of The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, with the symptom of respiratory distress, were reviewed. There were 142 cases of the "idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome" (IRDS), of which 67 were fatal. The remainder included 100 cardiac (76 deaths), 63 extra-pulmonary (28 deaths) and 109 other specific pulmonary conditions (54 deaths). Of the 109, half were due to massive aspiration. Serial observations and radiographs led to correct clinical diagnosis in 85% of necropsy-proved cases of IRDS and in a comparable proportion of all other conditions. The incidence and mortality rate of IRDS were twice as high in males as in females. A significant number of premature infants have transient respiratory distress after birth, and diagnostic criteria for inclusion in any study should be defined in detail. This study emphasized the large contribution of disorders of the respiratory and cardiac systems to neonatal mortality and led to the formation of a special department for intensive care and research in these conditions.