Acupuncture and related treatment modalities. Part II: Applications to antepartal and intrapartal care.

The application of acupuncture, moxibustion, acupressure, and shiatsu to antepartal and intrapartal care are discussed. Information on therapeutic interventions as described in textbooks is presented and compared with specific treatments evaluated in research studies. Specific clinical indications addressed include nausea during pregnancy, repositioning of the fetus in breech position, stimulation of contractions and true labor, and pain relief in labor. Qualifications for practitioners and recommendations for certified nurse-midwives caring for clients seeking referral for these services are discussed.