Identification of G protein subtypes in peripheral nerve and cultured Schwann cells.

In this study, we investigated the expression of various G proteins in whole sciatic nerves, in myelin and nonmyelin fractions from these nerves, and in membranes of immortalized Schwann cells. In myelin, nonmyelin, and Schwann cell membranes we detected two 39-40-kDa pertussis toxin substrates that were resolved on separation on urea-gradient gels. Two cholera toxin substrates with apparent molecular masses of 42 and 47 kDa were present in nerve and brain myelin and in Schwann cell membranes. In these membranes, a third 45-kDa cholera toxin substrate, which displayed the highest labeling, was also present. Immunoblotting with specific antisera allowed the identification of G(o) alpha, Gi1 alpha, Gi2 alpha, Gi3 alpha, Gq/G11 alpha, and the two isoforms of Gs alpha in nerve homogenates, nerve, and brain myelin fractions. In Schwann cell membranes we identified G(o) alpha, Gi2 alpha, Gi3 alpha, and proteins from the Gq family, but no immunoreactivity toward anti-Gi1 alpha antiserum was detected. In these membranes, anti-Gs alpha antibody recognized the three cholera toxin substrates mentioned above, with the 45-kDa band displaying the highest immunoreactivity. Relative to sciatic nerve myelin, the Schwann cell membranes revealed a significantly higher expression of Gi3 alpha and the absence of Gi1 alpha. The different distribution of G proteins among the different nerve compartments might reflect the very specialized function of Schwann cells and myelin within the nerve.