Polymerization-depoly-merization of tobacco mosaic virus protein. I. Kinetics.

It was shown that a reversible endothermic association of TMV protein subunits (A protein) can take place at pH values below the isoelectric point as well as at pH 6.5. The polymerization occurring below the isoelectric point was found to be more complex than that at pH 6.5 probably because products other than the usual TMV-like rods were formed in addition to those rods and also because side-to-side aggregation of the rods took place readily. Kinetic studies indicated that polymerization can be treated as a second-order linear condensation. The rate of polymerization was found to be a critical function of pH, having a maximum value near pH 4.3. This behavior is at variance with the hypothesis that hydrogen-bonded carboxyl pairs play a dominant rate-determining role in the association of subunits. The dependence of the rate on pH was interpreted to indicate that electrostatic forces between subunits are a significant controlling factor in the polymerization of TMV protein.