Rhodobacter sphaeroides rdxA, a homolog of Rhizobium meliloti fixG, encodes a membrane protein which may bind cytoplasmic [4Fe-4S] clusters.

In the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides, a chromosomal gene, rdxA, which encodes a 52-kDa protein, was found to be homologous to fixG, the first gene of a Rhizobium meliloti nitrogen fixation operon on the pSym plasmid (D. Kahn, M. David, O. Domergue, M.-L. Daveran, J. Ghai, P. R. Hirsch, and J. Batut, J. Bacteriol. 171:929-939, 1989). The deduced amino acid sequences of RdxA and FixG are 53% identical and 73% similar; sequence analyses suggested that each has five transmembrane helices and a central region resembling bacterial-type ferredoxins. Translational fusion proteins with an alkaline phosphatase reporter group were expressed in both R. sphaeroides and Escherichia coli and were used to assess the membrane topology of RdxA. Its ferredoxinlike sequence, which may bind two [4Fe-4S] centers, was found to be cytoplasmically located. Genetic disruptions showed that rdxA is not essential for nitrogen fixation in R. sphaeroides. Immediately downstream of rdxA, an open reading frame (ORFT2) that encoded a 48-kDa protein was found. This DNA sequence was not homologous to any region of the R. meliloti fixG operon. The N-terminal sequence of the ORFT2 gene product resembled amino acid sequences found in members of the GntR family of regulatory proteins (D. J. Haydon and J. R. Guest, FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 79:291-296, 1991). The rdxA gene was localized to the smaller of two R. sphaeroides chromosomes, upstream of and divergently transcribed from hemT, which encodes one of two 5-aminolevulinate synthase isozymes. The rdxA and hemT genes may share a transcriptional regulatory region. Southern hybridization analysis demonstrated the presence of an rdxA homolog on the R. sphaeroides large chromosome. The functions of this homolog, like those of rdxA, remain to be determined, but roles in oxidation-reduction processes are likely.