CGRP-immunoreactive endocrine cell proliferation in normal and hypoxic rat lung studied by immunocytochemical detection of incorporation of 5'-bromodeoxyuridine.

We have tested the suggestion that the reported increase, in hypoxic rats, in the number of lung endocrine cells immunoreactive for the regulatory peptide CGRP is caused by an accumulation of peptide within the cells which renders them more detectable, rather than by a real increase in proliferation. The incorporation of continuously infused 5'-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) into nuclei of CGRP-containing cells was studied by immunohistochemistry in the airway and respiratory epithelium of rats kept in a hypoxic (10% O2), normobaric conditions for 7 days and in normoxic, normobaric controls. Some CGRP-immunoreactive cells could also be labelled for BrdU. However, the ratio of the number of cells labelled with both CGRP and BrdU to the number of cells labelled with CGRP alone did not differ significantly between hypoxic and normoxic rats (7.1 +/- 0.7 and 6.1 +/- 1.2, respectively; mean +/- SEM; P = 0.49). These data strongly suggest that CGRP-containing endocrine cells or their precursors do proliferate in adult rat lung, but that the proliferation is not increased significantly in hypoxia.