Propagation and characterization of novel canine lentivirus isolated from a dog.

We have recently isolated a novel canine lentivirus (canine immunodeficiency virus, [CIV]) from a leukemic dog. The virus was isolated from buffy coat cells obtained from the leukemic dog co-cultivated with indicator cells. The virus particles encode a reverse transcriptase with a preference for magnesium, have a density of 1.16 g/ml in sucrose, and induce syncytia in permissive cell lines such as Himalayan tahr ovary and canine fetal thymus. CIV replicates to high titer and highly purified virus can readily be prepared. The ultrastructure and morphogenesis of CIV is strikingly similar to that displayed by other lentiviruses, while immunoblot analysis failed to demonstrate close immunological relatedness to any other lentivirus or oncovirus. These findings suggest that this canine virus, representing the first isolation of a canine retrovirus, belongs to the lentivirus subfamily but is not closely related to other known members.