Studies on the carrier function of phosphatidic acid in sodium transport. I. The turnover of phosphatidic acid and phosphoinositide in the avian salt gland on stimulation of secretion.

Incubation of slices of the salt gland of the albatross with acetylcholine, which is the physiological secretogogue for this tissue, led to a 13-fold increase in the rate of incorporation of P(32) into phosphatidic acid and a 3-fold increase in the incorporation of P(32) and inositol-2-H(3) into phosphoinositide. The incorporation of P(32) into phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl ethanolamine was increased relatively slightly or not at all. Respiration was doubled. The "phospholipid effect" occurred in the microsome fraction, which is known to contain fragments of the endoplasmic reticulum. The enzymes, diglyceride kinase and phosphatidic acid phosphatase, which catalyze the stimulated turnover of phosphatidic acid in brain cortex, were also found in highest concentration in the microsome fraction. The phosphatides which respond to acetylcholine are bound to protein in the membrane. On the basis of these findings it appears that phosphatidic acid and possibly phosphoinositide participate in sodium transport. A scheme, termed the phosphatidic acid cycle, is presented as a working hypothesis, in which the turnover of phosphatidic acid in the membrane, catalyzed by diglyceride kinase and phosphatidic acid phosphatase, functions as a sodium pump.