Iatrogenic perforation of the esophagus.

In three of ten cases of instrumental esophageal perforation occurring at the San Francisco Hospital in the period 1947-1959, the patient died, having received supportive therapy only. Eight of the ten perforations in this series resulted from the use of the esophagoscope. Roentgen studies of the neck and chest, including studies with an opaque medium in the esophagus, are invaluable aids in establishing the diagnosis.Close observation of all patients for twenty-four hours after instrumental procedures involving the esophagus is advisable.