Lung transplantation. Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome.

BOS remains a difficult problem to control following lung transplantation, largely because of uncertainties regarding the underlying mechanisms that are responsible for it. Continued work on the pathogenesis of BOS is essential. The progressive nature and poor outlook when BOS stage 3 is reached indicates that current strategies should be focused on prevention and early intervention. There is a great need for randomized, controlled trials on intervention if the international transplant community is to make progress in this area.