Primary sequences of two P-glycoprotein genes of Entamoeba histolytica.

Two P-glycoprotein genes (EhPgp1 and EhPgp2) from the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica were sequenced from a genomic library made with the DNA of an emetine-resistant ameba mutant, which overexpresses mRNAs homologous to segments of the human mdr1 (P-glycoprotein) gene. The open reading frames for EhPgp1 and EhPgp2 were 1302 and 1310 amino acids long, respectively, and showed a 67% positional identity with each other and 41% and 40% positional identities, respectively, with human mdr1 gene. Within each ameba P-glycoprotein were the ATP-binding sites found twice in eukaryotic P-glycoproteins and once in prokaryotic transport proteins. Hydropathy plots of the ameba P-glycoproteins were nearly superimposable on that of the human mdr 1, showing 2 homologous halves, each containing an ATP-binding site and 6 hydrophobic transmembrane domains that form the putative channel. A phylogenetic tree showed that the Entamoeba P-glycoproteins are more related to the human and mouse P-glycoproteins than to the Plasmodium and Leishmania P-glycoproteins. Also identified in the E. histolytica genomic library were 2 P-glycoprotein pseudogenes, each with a frame shift and stop codons in identical places within the amino ATP-binding site. In conclusion, the 2 E. histolytica P-glycoproteins encoded by the EhPgp1 and EhPgp2 genes are similar in structure to the mammalian P-glycoproteins and so may be involved in energy-dependent drug efflux by this human parasite.