Prolonged action potentials from single nodes of Ranvier.

The duration of action potentials from single nodes of Ranvier can be increased by several methods. Extraction of water from the node (e.g. by 2 to 3 M glycerin) causes increased durations up to 1000 msec. 1 to 5 min. after application of the glycerin the duration of the action potential again decreases to the normal value. Another type of prolonged action potential can be observed in solutions which contain K or Rb ions at concentrations between 50 mM and 2 M. The nodes respond only if the resting potential is restored by anodal current. The kinetics of these action potentials is slightly different. Their maximal durations are longer (up to 10 sec.). Like the normal action potential, they are initiated by cathodal make or anodal break. They also occur in external solutions which contain no sodium. The same type of action potentials as in KCl is found when the node is depolarized for some time (15 to 90 sec., 100 to 200 mv.) and is then stimulated by cathodal current. These action potentials require no K or Na ions in the external medium. Their maximal duration increases with the strength and duration of the preceding depolarization. The possible origin of the action potentials in KCl and after depolarization, and their relation to the normal action potentials and the negative after-potential are discussed.