Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and C-flanking peptide of NPY in the pineal gland of normal and ganglionectomized sheep.

The present immunohistochemical study describes the presence and distribution of nerve fibers containing neuropeptide Y (NPY), and C-Flanking Peptide Of NPY (CPON) in the pineal gland of the sheep. Nerve fibers were detected by using a series of antisera directed against NPY or against CPON. Many positive immunoreactive nerve fibers were identified in the pial capsule of the pineal, in connective septae and in the parenchyma between pinealocytes. The intraparenchymal fibers were particularly evident and created an extensive network throughout the gland. Nerve fibers immunoreactive for all the peptides were also observed in the posterior commissure and in the stria medullaris thalami. No NPY- or CPON-positive neurons were found in the pineal gland. In order to study the site of origin of NPY- and CPON-immunoreactive nerve fibers, the superior cervical ganglia were bilaterally removed in a series of animals. Sympathetic denervation was checked by using an antiserum against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Nearly all TH-immunoreactive elements disappeared in the pineal glands of animals sacrificed 15 days after surgery. Also the density of NPY- and CPON-immunoreactive nerve fibers decreased in the animals after the ganglionectomy. However, a number of nerve fibers still remained in the gland. These data indicate that some NPY- and CPON-immunoreactive nerve fibers of the sheep pineal gland derive from an extrasympathetic origin. The very dense innervation of the sheep pineal gland with nerve fibers containing NPY and CPON strongly indicates a functional role for this family of peptides in the pineal gland of this species.