[Rare opportunistic fungal diseases in patients with organ or bone marrow transplantation].

Candidiasis, aspergillosis and cryptococcosis are the most common fungal infections in transplant recipients. However other fungal infections have been reported. Mucormycosis, Scedosporium infections, fusariosis and trichosporonosis represent the largest part of these rare mycosis. The clinical and mycological features are described here. In addition, cases of very uncommon mycosis, most of them only once reported, have been reviewed. Overall the diagnosis is difficult as mycological examinations are often negative till the disease is disseminated. Amphotericin B remains the reference treatment except in Scedosporium infections which respond more likely to azole antifungal agents. Despite the treatment the outcome is usually fatal.