Low concentrations of neuroactive peptides modulate cholinergic transmission and cyclic AMP levels in Helix aspersa.

1. FMRFamide and the Catch relaxing peptide (CARP) at 0.01-0.1 nM modulate acetylcholine (ACh) induced currents of identified neurons of Helix aspersa, but have no direct effect on membrane current and conductivity. 2. Both FMRFamide and CARP noncompetitively inhibit ACh Cl- responses while having either no effect or increasing ACh Na+/K+ response. 3. The inhibitory effect of FMRFamide and CARP on the ACh Cl- response was eliminated following pretreatment with forskolin (20 microM), an activator of adenylate cyclase. 4. Ascaris peptide (ASC) and a synthetic CARP analogue NORL-CARP, in which the amino acid methionine is replaced by either leucine or norleucine, at 1-10 microM, showed no effect on responses to ACh. 5. FMRFamide and CARP, at 10 nM, increased cAMP levels to 240% and 148% respectively above resting basal cAMP levels, while ASC and NORL-CARP had no significant effective. 6. Our results suggest that FMRFamide and CARP, in low concentrations, modulate ACh responses of Helix neurons, possibly through changes in cAMP levels. They also indicate the importance of the presence of methionine in these neuroactive peptides.