Polymerase chain reaction-based methods for the detection of human papillomavirus DNA.

The unprecedented sensitivity of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) DNA amplification technology provides numerous advantages for the detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA. In this chapter, the principles of the method and its advantages are discussed; disadvantages of the technology and proposed solutions are also presented. To accommodate the complexity of the many distinct HPV types, both type-specific and consensus PCR-based detection methods have evolved. Consensus primer systems, which afford the amplification of a broad spectrum of HPV types, have proven particularly useful in epidemiological studies and in novel virus identification. Since the introduction of PCR into the HPV field, there have been rapid advances and improvements PCR technology. However, standardization of PCR methods for HPV detection is essential for research to fully benefit from the technology. To that end, specific guidelines regarding experimental controls, assessment of analytic sensitivity and data interpretation are outlined here.