A recent decrease in the time to development of monomorphous and polymorphous posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder.

We have noted a decrease in the time to development of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) over the last two and one-half years in our multiorgan transplant program. From February 1965 until December 1990, 1622 transplants were performed including 1489 kidneys (KTxp), 87 livers (LTxp), and 46 pancreata. Between February 1965 and July 1988 (group 1), there were 1260 transplants performed and nine cases of either monomorphous PTLD (M-PTLD, n = 8) or polymorphous PTLD (P-PTLD, n = 1) were diagnosed. The mean time to development of PTLD was 163 +/- 128 weeks, all after KTxp. Five of these nine patients received haploidentical living-related grafts. All patients had presented with advanced disease, none had transplant nephrectomy, and all died of their disease. Between July 1988 and December 1990 (group 2), 362 transplants were performed, and four cases of M-PTLD and three cases of P-PTLD were recognized. Of the seven cases of PTLD in group 2, six developed within 90 days posttransplant (early PTLD). The mean time to development of PTLD was 11 +/- 16 weeks. This was significantly earlier than group 1 (P less than .01). Four of the five cases after KTxp had a 1 or 2 DR-matched donor. Five of these seven patients had serological evidence of recent Epstein-Barr Virus infection, and four of these five had received OKT3 and then developed early PTLD. In group 2, three patients are alive 7-15 months after KTxp nephrectomy, the remaining four have died. We hypothesize that risk factors for the development of PTLD may include heavy immunosuppression, including the use of OKT3, good DR matching, and active EBV infection. Treatment should include graft removal, if applicable, and reduction or cessation of immuno-suppression.