Effects of novel uracil analogs on proliferation and differentiation of human myeloid leukemia cells.

Twenty-seven novel nucleobases and nucleosides were synthesized by structural modification of uracil, and their effects on growth and differentiation of human myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells were examined. Some of the compounds inhibited the growth of HL-60 effectively. The nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT)-reducing activities of cells treated with the concentrations of these compounds for 50% inhibition of growth were compared. TI-66 (2,4-dibenzyl-6-fluoro-7,7,8,8-tetramethyl-cis-2,4-diazabicyclo-[4.2.0] octane-3,5-dione) was the most effective inducer of NBT-reducing activity and morphological differentiation of HL-60 cells into cells of the myelomonocytic lineage. TI-66 was also effective for induction of differentiation of another human myelogenous leukemia cell line, ML-1 cells, but not for differentiation of human erythroid leukemia K562 or HEL cells, or monocytic U937 cells. The effect of TI-66 in inducing differentiation of HL-60 cells was additive or more than additive in combination with retinoic acid or vitamin D3. Adenine or hypoxanthine alone induced NBT-reducing activity of the cells, and at suboptimal concentrations these compounds enhanced the effect of TI-66, but the enhanced NBT-reducing activities did not exceed the maximal activity induced by TI-66 alone. Simultaneous treatment of HL-60 cells with hypoxanthine reduced the growth inhibition by TI-66 alone. TI-66 was about 150 times more potent on a molar basis than adenine in inducing differentiation of HL-60 cells. These results suggest that nucleobase analogs such as TI-66 should be useful for differentiation therapy of some types of myelogenous leukemia.