Homologous regulation of brain oxytocin receptors.

Specific receptors for oxytocin have been identified in rat forebrain. Previous studies have demonstrated that in select regions, these receptors are dependent on heterologous induction by gonadal steroids. To investigate whether brain oxytocin receptors are homologously regulated by oxytocin, we measured oxytocin receptor binding after hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus lesions, repeated central injections of oxytocin, and continuous central infusion of oxytocin via osmotic minipump. Neither lesions of the paraventricular nucleus nor repeated oxytocin injections altered the binding of the selective oxytocin receptor ligand [125I]OTA [125I] d(CH2)5[Tyr(Me)2,Thr4,Tyr-NH2(9)] ornithine vasotocin, as measured by in vitro receptor autoradiography. After 10 days of continuous oxytocin infusion by osmotic minipump, oxytocin receptor binding decreased in every target field by at least 50%. This decrease appeared to represent a down-regulation of receptors and not displacement by exogenous peptide, as it persisted for at least 24 h after pump removal, and binding remained reduced in the presence of a saturating concentration of [125I] OTA. Reduction of oxytocin receptors in response to increased oxytocin release may represent an important physiological mechanism for the regulation of central oxytocin neurotransmission.