Erythrocytosis associated with a placental-site trophoblastic tumor.

We present a case of placental-site trophoblastic tumor associated with erythrocytosis. This 42-year-old woman had persistent amenorrhea and low elevations of her hCG titer after term delivery of a healthy female infant. The woman was noted to have polycythemia of uncertain etiology and was treated with serial phlebotomy. Placental-site trophoblastic tumor was diagnosed and hysterectomy was performed, with subsequent resolution of the polycythemia. Although erythrocytosis has been reported with other gynecologic tumors, this is the first reported association with a placental-site trophoblastic tumor. A role has been suggested for placental lactogen in erythropoiesis during pregnancy based on previous animal studies. Diffuse positive staining for hPL is characteristic of placental-site trophoblastic tumors. We postulate that hPL may have played an ancillary role to erythropoietin in the erythrocytosis demonstrated in this case. Spider angiomata and splenomegaly are interesting clinical features previously described in association with placental-site trophoblastic tumors, and were demonstrated in this patient.