Characterization of rhizobia isolated from legume species within the genera Astragalus and Lespedeza grown in the Loess Plateau of China and description of Rhizobium loessense sp. nov.

Twenty-nine rhizobial isolates from root nodules of Astragalus and Lespedeza spp. growing in the Loess Plateau of China were characterized by numerical taxonomy, RFLP and sequencing of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes, measurement of DNA G+C content, DNA-DNA relatedness and cross-nodulation with selected legume species. Based on the results of numerical taxonomy, the isolates formed two clusters (1 and 2) with some single isolates at a similarity level of 82 %. Cluster 1 contained six isolates from Astragalus and Lespedeza spp. Cluster 2 consisted of nine isolates from Astragalus spp. DNA relatedness was greater than 80 % among isolates within cluster 2. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that CCBAU 7190B(T), representing cluster 2, was closely related to Rhizobium galegae and Rhizobium huautlense. DNA-DNA relatedness between CCBAU 7190B(T) and reference strains of R. galegae, R. huautlense and other related species ranged from 0 to 48.6 %. The cluster 2 isolates could also be differentiated phenotypically from related species. Based on these data, a novel species, Rhizobium loessense sp. nov., is proposed for cluster 2, with the type strain CCBAU 7190B(T) (=AS1.3401(T)=LMG 21975(T)).