Alpha 1-adrenergic receptor-mediated activation of phospholipase D in rat cerebral cortex.

We have investigated phospholipase D activity in rat brain cortical slices prelabeled with [32P]orthophosphoric acid. In the presence of ethanol (170 mM), norepinephrine stimulated, in a dose-dependent manner (EC50 = 2.2 microM), the accumulation of [32P]phosphatidylethanol as a result of phospholipase D activity. Norepinephrine-stimulated phospholipase D activity was completely inhibited by prazosin, a specific alpha 1-adrenergic antagonist (Ki = 2.8 nM). However, no accumulation of phosphatidylethanol was observed in the presence of the muscarinic agonist carbachol. The Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin and the protein kinase C activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) also stimulated [32P]phosphatidylethanol accumulation in cortical slices, in a dose- and time-dependent manner, whereas the inactive phorbol, 4 alpha-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate, did not stimulate phospholipase D activity. Staurosporine and 1-(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine, two potent inhibitors of protein kinase C, inhibited PMA and ionomycin stimulation of phospholipase D activity, but did not affect the response to norepinephrine. Furthermore, the effects of PMA and norepinephrine were additive. Differences between PMA and norepinephrine stimulation of phospholipase D activity were also found with regard to the extracellular Ca2+ requirement and time course of phosphatidylethanol accumulation. No stimulation of phospholipase D activity by norepinephrine was observed in slices from cerebellum, a brain area with a low density of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors, while the effect of PMA was greater in the cerebellum than in cortical or hippocampal slices. These results strongly suggest that activation of phospholipase D in cortical slices by norepinephrine and PMA involve different mechanisms.